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Stańczyk (painting)
''Stańczyk'' ((ポーランド語:Stańczyk w czasie balu na dworze królowej Bony wobec straconego Smoleńska), English: ''Stańczyk during a ball at the court of Queen Bona in the face of the loss of Smolensk'') is a painting by Jan Matejko finished in 1862. This painting was acquired by the Warsaw National Museum in 1924. During World War II it was looted by the Nazis and subsequently seized by the Soviet Union, returned to Poland around 1956.
It is one of Matejko's most famous works and the one that launched him to fame. It has been described as one of the most recognizable paintings in the Warsaw National Museum, and is a flagship painting for the "Collection of Polish paintings prior to 1914". Its primary composition is the contrast between the solemn jester (the titular Stańczyk) and the lively ball going on in the background. The painting has created an image of Stańczyk that has become iconic, and widely recognized in Poland.
==Stańczyk==
(詳細はStańczyk, the male figure depicted in the painting, was the court jester when Poland was at the height of its political, economic and cultural power during the era of the Renaissance in Poland, during the reign of King Sigismund I the Old (reigned 1506–1548).〔〔 He was a popular figure; besides his fame as a jester he has been described as an eloquent, witty, and intelligent man, using satire to comment on the nation's past, present, and future.〔〔 Unlike jesters of other European courts, Stańczyk has always been considered as much more than a mere entertainer.〔 Stańczyk's fame and legend were strong in his own time and enjoyed a resurgence in the 19th century, and he remains well-known to this day.〔
Scarcity of sources gave rise to four distinct hypotheses about Stańczyk in the 19th century: that he was entirely invented by Jan Kochanowski and his colleagues, that he was "perhaps a typical jester dressed by his contemporaries in an Aesopian attire, perhaps a Shakespearean vision of 19th century writers, or perhaps indeed a grey eminence of the ''societatis ioculatorum''".〔 In any measure, consensus among modern scholars is that such a person indeed existed and even if he did not, the figure had a tremendous importance to Polish culture of later centuries, appearing in works of many artists of the 19th and 20th centuries.〔〔 He appears in a work of, among others, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (in ''Jan z Tęczna. Powieść historyczna'', 1825) and several works by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1839, 1841).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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